Laryngeal cancer, also known as cancer of the larynx or voice box, is a serious condition that affects the vocal cords and surrounding areas in the throat. It is essential to understand the symptoms, causes, and available treatment options for laryngeal cancer in order to catch it early and improve the chances of a successful recovery. In this blog, we’ll discuss everything you need to know about laryngeal cancer, from its symptoms and causes to the various treatments available.

What is Laryngeal Cancer?

Laryngeal cancer refers to cancer that develops in the larynx, which is the organ responsible for producing sound and protecting the airway. The larynx is located at the top of the windpipe (trachea) and contains the vocal cords. These vocal cords vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them, allowing us to speak, breathe, and swallow.

Laryngeal cancer typically begins in the squamous cells that line the larynx. The condition can occur in different parts of the larynx, such as the supraglottis (above the vocal cords), glottis (the vocal cords themselves), or subglottis (below the vocal cords).

Symptoms of Laryngeal Cancer

Laryngeal cancer often presents with a range of symptoms that may vary in severity. Many of the symptoms are related to changes in the voice, difficulty swallowing, or persistent throat issues. Common symptoms include:

1. Hoarseness or Voice Changes

One of the most common symptoms of laryngeal cancer is a persistent change in the voice, particularly hoarseness. As the tumor grows and affects the vocal cords, it can cause a raspy, weak, or breathy voice. If hoarseness lasts for more than two weeks and doesn’t resolve, it could be a sign of cancer.

2. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia)

Laryngeal cancer can make swallowing painful or difficult. If a tumor grows in or near the vocal cords or throat, it can block the passage of food or liquids, causing discomfort or pain when swallowing.

3. Persistent Sore Throat

A sore throat that doesn’t go away with normal treatment or that is persistent for weeks can be a warning sign of laryngeal cancer. This is especially concerning if the sore throat is accompanied by other symptoms like voice changes or difficulty swallowing.

4. A Lump or Mass in the Neck

If the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes in the neck, it can cause a noticeable lump or mass. Swollen lymph nodes are common in laryngeal cancer patients, and they should not be ignored.

5. Chronic Cough

A persistent cough that doesn’t improve with time or treatment can be a symptom of laryngeal cancer. This is especially true if the cough is associated with blood or mucus.

6. Painful Breathing or Wheezing

In some cases, laryngeal cancer may cause difficulty breathing or wheezing. This may occur if the tumor obstructs the air passages or if the cancer spreads to other parts of the respiratory system.

7. Unexplained Weight Loss

Like many other cancers, laryngeal cancer can cause unexplained weight loss due to the body’s response to the disease or difficulties in eating and swallowing.

If any of these symptoms persist for more than two weeks, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation. Early detection of laryngeal cancer significantly improves the chances of successful treatment.

Causes of Laryngeal Cancer

While the exact cause of laryngeal cancer is unknown, several risk factors are associated with the development of the disease. These factors can increase the likelihood of developing laryngeal cancer:

1. Smoking and Tobacco Use

Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Smoking tobacco introduces harmful chemicals into the body that can damage the cells in the larynx, leading to cancerous growth. The longer and more frequently a person smokes, the higher the risk.

2. Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Heavy drinking is another significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Alcohol consumption can irritate the larynx and make it more susceptible to the harmful effects of tobacco smoke, significantly increasing the risk of cancer.

3. Age

Laryngeal cancer is more common in people over the age of 55. The risk of developing the disease increases with age, and men are more likely to develop laryngeal cancer than women.

4. Occupational Hazards

Certain jobs that involve exposure to harmful chemicals, asbestos, or other irritants can increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. People who work in industries like construction, painting, or metalworking may be at a higher risk due to prolonged exposure to carcinogens.

5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic acid reflux (GERD) can irritate the lining of the throat and increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. The constant backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus and larynx can damage tissues over time.

6. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

HPV, a sexually transmitted virus, has been linked to various cancers, including laryngeal cancer. Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV-16, have been shown to increase the risk of throat and laryngeal cancers.

7. Family History

A family history of laryngeal cancer or other types of head and neck cancers may increase the risk of developing the condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition.

Treatment for Laryngeal Cancer

The treatment for laryngeal cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the location of the tumor, and the overall health of the patient. A combination of treatments is often used to provide the best chance of recovery. Common treatment options for laryngeal cancer include:

1. Surgery

Surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer may involve removing the tumor or, in more severe cases, removing the entire larynx (laryngectomy). If only part of the larynx is removed, the patient may retain their ability to speak and breathe. A full laryngectomy may require the patient to undergo speech therapy and may involve the creation of a tracheostomy to help with breathing.

2. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It may be used in combination with surgery or as the primary treatment for smaller tumors. Radiation therapy can be highly effective in shrinking tumors and preventing cancer recurrence.

3. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves using drugs to destroy cancer cells or stop their growth. It is often used in advanced stages of laryngeal cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy can be combined with radiation therapy for more aggressive treatment.

4. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. It is a newer form of treatment that is still being studied for laryngeal cancer. Targeted therapies may be used for patients with advanced cancer or those who have not responded to traditional treatments.

5. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy works by enhancing the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It has shown promise in treating some types of cancers, including laryngeal cancer. Immunotherapy is typically used for patients with advanced cancer or those who are not responding to other treatments.

Book an Appointment with the Best ENT Specialist through Instacare

If you suspect that you have symptoms of laryngeal cancer, it is crucial to consult an ENT specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Through Instacare, you can easily book an appointment with the best ENT specialists in your area. The platform connects you to experienced professionals who can guide you through the treatment options and provide the care you need for a better quality of life.

Prevention of Laryngeal Cancer

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent laryngeal cancer, you can reduce your risk by making certain lifestyle changes. These include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding exposure to toxic chemicals. Regular checkups and early screenings are also crucial for detecting laryngeal cancer in its early stages.

Conclusion

Laryngeal cancer is a serious disease that affects the voice box and surrounding structures in the throat. It is essential to recognize the symptoms and seek prompt medical attention if you suspect any issues. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the chances of a successful recovery are significantly improved. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned, don't hesitate to consult with an ENT specialist for further evaluation and personalized treatment options.

FAQs

1. Can laryngeal cancer be prevented?

While you cannot entirely prevent laryngeal cancer, avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol consumption, and reducing exposure to toxic substances can significantly lower your risk.

2. What is the survival rate for laryngeal cancer?

The survival rate for laryngeal cancer depends on the stage of the disease and how early it is diagnosed. Early-stage laryngeal cancer has a high survival rate, especially with prompt treatment.

3. Can laryngeal cancer return after treatment?

Yes, laryngeal cancer can recur, especially if the tumor was not entirely removed or if it spread to other areas. Regular follow-up appointments are essential for monitoring any potential recurrence.